Malays. Appl. Biol. (2020) 49(5): 115–124
NON-ENZYMATIC ANTIOXIDANT FROM APPLE SNAIL
(Pomacea maculata) EXTRACT
KHALIDA KHALIL1, SYARUL NATAQAIN BAHARUM2, SHAZRUL FAZRY3,
NIK MARZUKI SIDIK4 and FAREED SAIRI1*
1Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
2Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
3Tasik Chini Research Center, Faculty of Science and Technology,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
4Fakulti Industri Asas Tani, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kampus Jeli,
17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
*E-mail: This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
Accepted 6 December 2020, Published online 31 December 2020
ABSTRACT
Pomacea sp. is a freshwater gastropod that is capable of withstanding oxidative stress during extreme environmental changes. The snail enzymatic oxidative responses have already been elucidated through biochemical, transcriptomics, and proteomics analysis. However, their non-enzymatic oxidative responses have yet to be elucidated. Therefore, this study aims to characterize the antioxidant activity and identify the non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds from Pomacea maculata. To address the aims, a polar and non-polar extraction of snail-whole body extract was conducted using methanol and chloroform, respectively. The antioxidant activity of both extracts was elucidated by Folin Ciocalteau (FC), DPPH, and reducing power assay. LCMS/ MS was then used to profile both extracts. The results demonstrated that the crude methanol extract (CME) contains a higher antioxidant capacity (FC=43.22 ± 3.02 mg GAE/ g extract, DPPH IC50=0.073 mg/mL, and reducing the power of methanol and chloroform extract are 0.361 ± 0.07 and 0.051 ± 0.003 respectively). Profiling of the snail metabolites by LCMS/ MS from both extracts resulted in the identification of uric acid and phenolic compounds . The former was detected at the highest intensity in CME followed by crude chloroform extract (CCE). The phenolic compounds, however, were hypothetically identified as plant metabolites. Therefore, the study suggested that antioxidant activity exhibited by P. maculata extracts were due to non-enzymatic compounds such as uric acid and phenolic compounds originated from the animal’s metabolic activity and plants, respectively.
Key words: Apple snail metabolite, non-enzymatic antioxidant, LC-MS/MS, phenolic compound, freshwater mollusc, oxidative stress
